What is the Advantage and Disadvantage of What Is Usually Used As PVC Stabilizer

PVC STABILIZER Detail Introduction

PVC STABILIZER enables polymer compounds to be used without structural changes in the presence of heat, light or oxygen, for example during processing, storage or use of the product. It is also possible to break chains or crosslinks and deteriorate properties.
It is therefore necessary to add an appropriate Heat Stabiliser during processing so that the structure of the polymer compound is not damaged or its ring breakage is prolonged and the quality of the product is stabilised. This added substance is commonly known as Pvc Stabilizer.

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Stabilisers manufactured by Shandong Polymer Additives are divided into heat stabilisers, light stabilisers and antioxidants according to their effect on heat, light and oxygen, of which Heat Stabilizer is the most important additive for pvc.

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has the advantages of good acid and alkali resistance, abrasion resistance, electrical insulation, non-flammable and self-extinguishing and low price, making it a very widely used thermoplastic. Despite its many advantages, PVC has a fatal disadvantage, namely its poor thermal stability. PVC usually starts to degrade when heated to 140°C, while its processing and moulding temperature is around 160-200°C. Therefore, Heat Stabilizer must be added to inhibit the degradation of PVC during processing and moulding.

Pvc Heat Stabilizer is mainly used for PVC and other polymers containing chlorine. If the PVC plastic contains small amounts of impurities such as lead salts, metal soaps, phenols, aromatic amines, etc., it does not affect its processing and application, but also serves to retard its thermal decomposition to a certain extent.

What is the principle of action of the Pvc Heat Stabilizer?

Pvc Heat Stabilizer Reference Formulation.

Principle analysis of heat stabilizer needed for PVC processing

The ideal PVC structure is the first-tail structure - CH2-CHCl - CH2-CHCl-, which is quite stable. However, the synthesis of PVC is not yet possible in the same way as the synthesis of cis-butadiene, which is subjected to directed and regular polymerisation under the action of a zigzag catalyst. 

The polymerisation of vinyl chloride is a random polymerisation of free radicals, which, in addition to a stable first-tail structure, has a first-head structure -CH2-CHCl-CHCl-CH- and a last-tail structure -CHCl-CH2-CH2-CHCl-; there is coupled disproportionation to produce vinyl junctions CH2 =CH-CHCl-CH2- structures and allyl chloride -CH2-CH=CH-CHCl-CH2 etc.

PVC is easily degraded during processing precisely because of the instability in the structure of the PVC molecular chain, which decomposes at a temperature of about 130°C without stabilisation. However, to process PVC resin into useful products, the moulding temperature has to be above 190°C. Therefore, heat stabilisers must be added to improve the structure.

Heat Stabilizers are a class of Pvc Stabilizers that prevent or reduce the degradation or cross-linking of polymers by heat during processing and use, extending the life of the composite material. commonly used Pvc Stabilizers can be classified as salt-based, fatty acid soaps, organotin compounds, complex heat stabilizers and pure organic compounds according to their main components.

Types of Pvc Stabilizers and their uses

Pvc Heat Stabilizer is an excellent heat stabiliser. It has good compatibility, low volatility, low migration and good light resistance. It is suitable for soft pipes, granulation, calendered films, toys, conveyor belts, advertising cloth, wallpaper and other PVC products.

Advantageous features of Pvc Heat Stabilizer.

1. What is PVC stabilizer?

Pvc Stabilizers can be added directly to PVC or in blends to prevent oxidation, chain breakage, uncontrolled recombination and cross-linking reactions caused by photo-oxidation. Essentially, they protect PVC from the harmful effects of extreme temperatures and UV radiation.

A Pvc Heat Stabilizer is a heat stabiliser for polyvinyl chloride and its copolymers. Classification is generally based on the chemical composition of the heat stabiliser, which can be alkaline lead salts, metal soaps, organotins, epoxy compounds, phosphite esters, polyols, etc. PVC stabilisers can be divided into primary and secondary stabilisers according to their role.

2. Which compound used as a stabilizer in PVC?

Barium-zinc additives are very effective Pvc Heat Stabilizers, but are limited to medical applications in some countries. Alternatives such as calcium-zinc formulations are often used to stabilise the heat resistance of medical grade PVC.

3. How many Pvc Stabilizer packages are available?

a. Liquid Barium-Zinc Compound Stabilizers
It is generally a light yellow to yellowish brown oily liquid with a specific gravity of 1.0-1.1 at room temperature, good heat resistance, not contaminated by sulphide, and can be used with epoxy plasticizers to improve the stabilization effect.

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b. Liquid calcium-zinc compound stabilizer
The main components of non-toxic liquid calcium and zinc stabilizers are calcium stearate, calcium ricinoleate, zinc stearate, zinc ricinoleate, and epoxidized soybean oil, UV absorbers, etc. Liquid calcium and zinc stabilizers are generally used in organic solvents more easily soluble fatty acid calcium and zinc salts with a low carbon number. It is a non-toxic stabilizer for PVC and is mainly used as a stabilizer for food packaging films and utensil foam artificial leather.

c. Liquid barium-cadmium and liquid barium-cadmium-zinc compound stabilizers, these compound stabilizers are mainly used in the processing of soft PVC products.

d. Lead salt compound stabilizer heat stability is good, has been widely used, but the lead salt powder fine, ingredients and mixing, its dust by human inhalation will cause lead poisoning, for this reason, scientists and researchers have developed a new compound lead salt heat stabilizer.

4. Pvc Heat Stabilizer safety issues.

The safety of Pvc Heat Stabilizer has received more and more attention, and the safety of Pvc Heat Stabilizer should be considered from three aspects, one is the safety of the processors who use the raw materials, the second is the safety protection of the users, and the third is the safety of the waste to the environment.

The safety of the processors can be addressed through the liquefaction, paste and granulation of the Pvc Stabiliser. For the safety of the user, the Pvc Stabiliser can be polymerised or reactive stabilisers can be prepared to improve its resistance to extraction, but given that stabilisation is a chemical reaction at the molecular level, these methods are not the most appropriate and the best method is to use a high safety Pvc Stabiliser.

When choosing a Pvc Stabiliser, the safety of the chemicals produced by the reaction between the resin and the stabiliser, or between the stabilisers, must also be considered.

Shandong Loyal Chemical Co., Ltd. as a professional Pvc Heat Stabilizer, not only has a high quality product, but also a good price for Pvc Stabilizer.

5. What does Pvc Heat Stabilizer do?

Pvc Heat Stabilizer delays or avoids heat-induced damage and further degradation of plastics.
Without specifying it, heat stabilisers refer specifically to the stabilisers used in the processing of PVC and vinyl chloride copolymers, i.e. Pvc Heat Stabilizer.

PVC and vinyl chloride copolymers are heat-sensitive resins that are susceptible to the release of hydrogen chloride during heat processing, which can lead to thermal ageing and degradation reactions. Widely used heat stabilizers in industry include salt-based lead salts, metal soaps, organotins, organic antimony and other primary stabilizers and epoxy compounds, phosphite esters, polyols, diketones and other organic auxiliary stabilizers.

6. Mechanism of action of Pvc Heat Stabilizer.

Pvc Pipe Stabilizers have the ability to absorb and neutralise HCL and inhibit its autocatalytic effect.
These Pvc Stabilizers include lead salts, organic acid metal soaps, organic tin compounds, epoxy compounds, phenol salts and metal thiol salts. They can react with HCL and inhibit the reaction of PVC to remove HCL. For example, organotin stabilizers are used in coordination with the unstable chlorine atoms of PVC molecules, in which the organotin is replaced with the unstable chlorine atoms.

Pvc Pipe Stabilizer reacts with the polyene structure in an addition reaction, destroying the formation of a large conjugate system and reducing colouration. The salts or esters of unsaturated acids contain double bonds and undergo a double-alkene addition reaction with the conjugated double bonds in the PVC molecule, thus destroying the conjugated structure, inhibiting discolouration, trapping free radicals and preventing oxidation reactions.

1. Stabilizing Agents: These are the primary components of the stabilizer, and they prevent the degradation of PVC during processing and in-service use. Common stabilizing agents include metal soaps (e.g., calcium stearate, zinc stearate), organotin compounds, and other proprietary stabilizers.
2. Lubricants: Lubricants are included to improve the flow properties of PVC during processing. They make the material easier to work with and can enhance the surface finish of PVC products.
3. Modifiers: Depending on the desired properties of the final PVC product, modifiers may be added. For example, impact modifiers can improve toughness, and plasticizers can enhance flexibility.
4. Fillers and Extenders: Some one-pack stabilizer formulations include fillers and extenders, which can improve the physical properties of PVC products or help reduce costs by extending the formulation.
5. Antioxidants: In certain cases, antioxidants are added to provide additional protection against the degradation of PVC due to exposure to oxygen and heat.

1. Limited Customization: One-pack stabilizers come as pre-mixed formulations, which means they may not offer the same level of customization as multi-component stabilizer systems. Manufacturers may have specific requirements for their PVC products that cannot be fully met by a one-pack stabilizer.
2. Application Specificity: One-pack stabilizers are often designed for specific applications or processing conditions. Using the wrong type of one-pack stabilizer for a particular application may result in suboptimal performance or product quality.
3. Cost: While they can simplify the production process, one-pack stabilizers may be more expensive on a per-unit basis compared to buying individual stabilizer components in bulk. This cost factor can be a concern for manufacturers with high-volume production needs.
4. Environmental Concerns: Some one-pack PVC stabilizers may still contain heavy metals, such as lead or cadmium, which are environmentally and health hazardous. This can be a significant drawback as environmental regulations become stricter, and industries seek more eco-friendly alternatives.
5. Compatibility Issues: One-pack stabilizers may not be fully compatible with other additives or compounds used in PVC processing. This can lead to issues such as reduced stability or performance, making it essential to ensure compatibility during formulation.
6. Limited Control: Manufacturers have less control over the individual components and their ratios in a one-pack stabilizer compared to using separate stabilizer components. This reduced control can be a drawback in applications requiring precise control over material properties.
7. Regulatory Compliance: Depending on the region and application, regulatory requirements regarding the use of stabilizers in PVC products may change over time. Adapting to new regulations and compliance can be challenging with pre-mixed one-pack stabilizers, as reformulating may be necessary.
8. Performance Trade-offs: One-pack stabilizers may not always deliver the same level of performance in terms of heat stability, weatherability, or other properties compared to custom-formulated multi-component stabilizer systems. This can be a disadvantage in applications with stringent performance requirements.

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