The Future of Refrigerants in Heat Pumps: From R22 to R290, R32, CO₂, and R515B

Introduction: From Old Standards to New Demands

For decades, the refrigeration and HVAC industry relied on R22 and R410A. These refrigerants powered millions of systems worldwide, but their high environmental impact is no longer acceptable. With climate change, stricter F-Gas regulations, and net-zero goals, the industry is moving toward low-GWP, eco-friendly refrigerants.

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At Exinda, we’re leading this transition with solutions built on R290, R32, CO₂, and R515B — refrigerants that balance performance, safety, and sustainability for residential, commercial, and industrial heat pump applications.

Refrigerant Classes Explained

• A1 (Non-flammable, Low Toxicity): R22, R410A, R515B, CO₂
• A2L (Mildly Flammable, Low Toxicity): R32, Ryf
• A3 (Higher Flammability, Low Toxicity): R290 (Propane)

These classifications matter because they dictate safety standards, charge limits, and building code approvals across global markets.

Common Refrigerants in Heat Pumps